Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * i- Edentulous jaws ii- Good oral hygiene and good compliance. iii- Angel's class I maxillo-mandibular relationship and a minimum of 16mm mandibular restorative space at the estimated occlusal vertical dimension. This will be verified by recoding a tentative jaw relation iv- Adequate bone height and width for placement of standard diameter implants. A cone beam computerized tomographic scan will be taken prior to surgery to determine the bone quality and bone volume Exclusion Criteria:i- Systemic disease: uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, immunodeficiency disorders, blood disorders such as coagulation disorders, severe osteoporosis, and any metabolic disease that might influence the rate of bone resorption ii- Long-term medication use: steroid, anti-epileptic drugs, drugs favoring gingival overgrowth, bispho- sphonates (bisphosphonate injections or more than 4 years of oral bisphosphonate use), and any medi- cation that influences the rate of bone loss or sur- vival of dental implants. iii- Infection of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, or syphilis iv- Bruxism v- Maxillofacial tumor \-