Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria Gastric cancer patients enrolled in this study must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Male or female, aged ≥18 and ≤95 years. 2. Histopathologically confirmed gastric cancer, as defined by the 2024 edition of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer. 3. No prior anti-tumor treatment (including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy). 4. Availability of complete clinicopathological data and follow-up information. Patients with precancerous gastric lesions must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Male or female, aged ≥18 and ≤95 years. 2. Histopathologically confirmed absence of gastric cancer. 3. Diagnosis consistent with precancerous gastric lesions as defined by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE, 2015 edition). 4. Availability of complete clinicopathological data and follow-up information. Healthy controls must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Male or female, aged ≥18 and ≤95 years. 2. Histopathologically confirmed absence of gastric cancer. 3. No evidence of precancerous gastric lesions. 4. Availability of complete clinicopathological data and follow-up information. Exclusion Criteria Patients meeting any of the following conditions will be excluded: 1. History of prior malignancy or cancer treatment. 2. Presence of concurrent malignancies of other types. 3. Inability to tolerate gastroscopy.