Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Comprehension and voluntary signing of the study's informed consent form; * Age ≥18 years, any gender; * Histologically or clinically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma; * Documented failure or intolerance to first-line therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus bevacizumab; * ECOG performance status 0-2; * Child-Pugh class A or class B (score ≤7) without hepatic encephalopathy history; * Life expectancy ≥3 months; * At least one measurable target lesion confirmed by screening imaging per RECIST v1.1; * Adequate organ and bone marrow function within 7 days prior to initial study treatment; * Active HBV/HCV infection requires ongoing antiviral therapy; k.Fertile patients must use highly effective contraception with partners during treatment and ≥180 days post-last dose. 2.Exclusion Criteria: * Inability to comply with the study protocol or procedures; * Histologically/cytologically confirmed fibrolamellar HCC, sarcomatoid HCC, cholangiocarcinoma, or mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma; * History of liver transplantation or planned transplantation; * Presence of central nervous system metastases and/or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis; * Baseline imaging showing Vp4 portal vein tumor thrombosis; * Hypersensitivity to any study drug components or history of severe allergic reactions; * Concurrent HBV and HCV co-infection; * Clinically significant ascites requiring intervention during screening; * Concurrent use of other investigational drugs or participation in another clinical trial within 4 weeks prior to enrollment; * Esophageal/gastric variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension within 6 months before treatment initiation, or high-risk varices on endoscopy within 3 months; * Current interstitial lung disease (ILD), history of steroid-required ILD, or other pulmonary fibrosis/organizing pneumonia affecting immune-related pulmonary toxicity assessment; * Uncontrolled hypertension (SBP≥160 mmHg and/or DBP≥100 mmHg despite medication), coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, or heart failure (NYHA Class ≥II); * Uncontrolled clinically significant infections requiring IV antimicrobial therapy; * Proteinuria ≥2+ (≥1.0g/24h); * History of hemorrhagic tendency regardless of severity within 2 months prior to enrollment; * Arterial/venous thromboembolic events within 12 months before treatment initiation (e.g., cerebrovascular accident including TIA); * Acute myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, or CABG within 6 months before treatment; * Unhealed fractures or chronic non-healing wounds; * Coagulopathy, bleeding diathesis, or current therapeutic anticoagulation; * Other malignancies within 5 years except curatively resected basal/squamous cell skin carcinoma or cervical carcinoma in situ; * Active autoimmune disease or autoimmune disease history requiring immunosuppression within 4 weeks prior to enrollment; * Prior allogeneic bone marrow or solid organ transplantation; * Investigator assessment of ineligibility based on medical/safety reasons.