Inclusion Criteria:
1. Voluntarily participate, sign ICF, demonstrate good expected compliance, and be willing to cooperate with follow-up.
2. Age 18-75 years, any gender.
3. HCC diagnosis confirmed by histopathology, cytology, or imaging.
4. Resectable HCC staged as CNLC IIb-IIIa (excluding Vp3 and Vp4) or CNLC Ib-IIa with high-risk recurrence factors, confirmed by multidisciplinary liver surgery expert panel.
5. For CNLC Ib-IIa subjects, presence of at least ONE high-risk recurrence factor.
6. No prior systemic therapy for HCC (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, etc.). Subjects with prior curative surgery or ablation are eligible only if recurrence occurred \>2 years post-resection. Subjects with prior other local therapies are excluded.
7. Child-Pugh class A.
8. ECOG PS score 0-1.
9. Expected survival ≥12 months.
10. Adequate organ function within 7 days prior to study intervention.
11. For subjects with HBV infection.
12. Women of childbearing potential: Must agree to abstinence or use highly effective contraception from ICF signing until ≥120 days after last study drug dose. Negative pregnancy test within 7 days prior to intervention. Not breastfeeding.
13. Male subjects with WOCBP partners: Must agree to abstinence or use highly effective contraception from ICF signing until ≥120 days after last study drug dose. Must not donate sperm during this period. Males with pregnant partners must use condoms.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Known intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, sarcomatoid HCC, mixed carcinoma (\>30% ICC component), or fibrolamellar carcinoma. Active malignancy other than HCC within 5 years or concurrently. Cured localized cancers are eligible.
2. Current or history of interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis requiring steroids, or other active lung disease potentially interfering with immune-related pulmonary toxicity evaluation/management, or active pneumonia/severe impaired pulmonary function on screening CT. Active tuberculosis.
3. Active autoimmune disease or history of autoimmune disease with potential recurrence. Vitiligo, psoriasis, alopecia not requiring systemic therapy, controlled Type I diabetes on insulin, or childhood asthma resolved in adulthood without intervention are eligible. Asthma requiring bronchodilators is excluded.
4. Systemic immunosuppressive therapy (\>10 mg/day prednisone equivalent) within 2 weeks prior to intervention.
5. Active infection, unexplained fever ≥38.5°C within 1 week prior, or baseline WBC \>15 × 10⁹/L. Therapeutic antibiotics (IV/oral) within 2 weeks prior (prophylactic IV antibiotics ≤48h duration allowed).
6. Primary or acquired immunodeficiency.
7. Live attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to intervention or anticipated need during study or within 60 days after last Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab Injection dose.
8. Significant bleeding symptoms or predisposition within 6 months prior. If baseline fecal occult blood positive, repeat test; if still positive, requires gastroscopy.
9. Known hereditary/acquired bleeding/thrombotic diathesis. Current therapeutic-dose anticoagulants/thrombolytics (prophylactic low-dose aspirin allowed).
10. Arterial thromboembolic events within 6 months prior.
11. Poorly controlled cardiac disease.
12. Hypertension uncontrolled by medication (average SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg on ≥2 readings). History of hypertensive crisis or encephalopathy.
13. Major vascular disease within 6 months prior.
14. Serious unhealed wounds, active ulcers, or untreated fractures.
15. Major surgery within 4 weeks prior or anticipated major surgery during study.
16. Inability to swallow pills, malabsorption syndrome, or GI condition affecting absorption.
17. Bowel obstruction or related symptoms/signs within 6 months prior requiring parenteral support/feeding. Subjects with prior resolved obstruction treated definitively (surgically) may be eligible after assessment.
18. Strong CYP3A4 inducers within 2 weeks prior or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors within 1 week prior.
19. Known hypersensitivity to any study drug or excipient.
20. Participation in another investigational drug study within 4 weeks prior.
21. Pregnancy or lactation.
22. Any other condition deemed unsuitable by the investigator.
