Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Children volunteers and their parents/legal guardians who have read and signed the informed consent form and agreed to participate in the study * Systemically healthy children aged 6-12 years in the mixed dentition period * Children requiring restorative dental procedures (including pulpotomy, pulp capping, or composite restorations) on mandibular teeth under inferior alveolar nerve block local anesthesia * Children who are attending their first dental visit and demonstrate behavior rated as 2 (negative) or 3 (positive) according to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale (Categories: 1 - definitely negative; 2 - negative; 3 - positive; 4 - definitely positive) Behaviors will be categorized as positive (+) or negative (-) based on the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale (Wright's modification) * Children receiving local anesthesia for the first time Exclusion Criteria: * Children volunteers and their parents/legal guardians who read the informed consent form but declined to participate in the study * Children with systemic diseases requiring continuous medication * Children with mental or cognitive impairments, as well as those with visual or hearing disabilities * Children who, after oral prophylaxis at the first visit, exhibit "definitely negative" (Frankl 1) or "definitely positive" (Frankl 4) behavior according to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale * Children with previous experience of local anesthesia