Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion criteria: Apparent healthy Chinese individuals, aged between 20 and 80 years; Normal electrocardiogram (ECG) during physical examination; Signed informed consent form. Exclusion criteria: Musculoskeletal disease or a history of rheumatoid arthritis, or high-intensity exercise (e.g., marathon) within the past week; Biotin treatment within the past week; Hospitalization for an emergency within the past three months; Pregnancy or lactation within the past year; Diabetes: fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%; Chronic kidney disease: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 mL/min/1.73 m²; Latent heart disease: NT-proBNP \> 125 ng/L or BNP \> 35 ng/L; Known cardiovascular or heart disease in the past: treated with medication or other interventions; Chronic diseases that may affect the heart (cancer/tumor, autoimmune diseases); Hemolysis, lipemia, or insufficient residual sample volume for testing.