Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age from 18 to 35 years. * Full-term, singleton, pregnant women. * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II. * Scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Exclusion Criteria: * Refusal of the patient. * Emergency caesarean sections. * Patients having chronic diseases as asthma, cardiovascular disorders (Significant arrhythmias, Severe Valvular diseases, congenital heart diseases, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, deep venous thrombosis ,and pulmonary embolism) * Renal impairment (Creatinine level ≥ 2mg/dl, urea ≥ 25mg/dL), liver impairment \[Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \< 45 U/L, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \< 45 U/L\]. * Allergy to the drug enrolled in the study. * Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2. * Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. * Contraindication to spinal anesthesia, such as coagulopathy \[platelet count \<150.000, international normalized ratio (INR) \> 1.2\], or local infection. * Requirement for conversion to general anesthesia after spinal anesthesia will also be excluded.