Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Confirmed diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. * Long-term use of semaglutide (for at least 4 weeks) without discontinuation prior to endoscopic examination. * Age ≥ 18 years, with no restriction on sex. * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I-II. * Fasting for at least 8 hours and no water intake for at least 4 hours prior to gastroscopy. * Underwent assessment for both autonomic and peripheral neuropathy within 2 weeks prior to gastroscopy, with a clear determination of neuropathy status. Exclusion Criteria: * History of hiatal hernia or any prior gastric surgery (including gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, etc.). * Pregnancy. * Medically unfit for gastrointestinal endoscopy. * Deemed unsuitable for participation at the discretion of the investigators.