Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria * Aged 40-80 years; ② Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease meeting the MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's disease (2015 edition), with a disease duration of at least 3 years and Hoehn \& Yahr stage \< 4; * Stable use of anti-parkinsonian medication for 2 weeks prior to the study and throughout the entire study period, with no dosage adjustments; ④ Concurrently meeting the diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease-related pain, with a frequency of at least 3 times per week and duration of at least 3 months; Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score ≥ 3; ⑤ Passing the TMS Safety Screening Questionnaire (TSSQ); * Passing the MRI Safety Screening Questionnaire (MSSQ); Exclusion Criteria * Patients with other diseases that may affect peripheral nerve sensation, including but not limited to diabetes, herpes infection, stroke, or spinal cord disorders; * Patients with comorbid severe depression or psychiatric disorders; * Presence of severe cognitive impairment, defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 9; * Patients with concurrent intracranial organic lesions or a history of traumatic brain injury; ⑤ Patients with severe organic diseases involving the heart, liver, kidneys, or other vital organs; ⑥ Patients unable to undergo cranial MRI examination or TMS treatment due to claustrophobia, presence of implanted devices such as pacemakers, history of epilepsy, or other contraindications. * Providing written informed consent.