Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patients (aged 18 and above) scheduled for elective, first-time coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). * Patients with preserved left ventricular function (ejection fraction ≥ 35%). * Ability to provide informed consent and comply with follow-up protocols. * No prior history of atrial fibrillation or other significant arrhythmias. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients undergoing combined cardiac procedures (e.g., valve repair or replacement). * Emergency CABG cases or re-operations. * Known bleeding disorders or ongoing anticoagulation therapy that cannot be paused. * Severe pericardial adhesions or anatomical abnormalities preventing safe creation of a posterior pericardial window. * Chronic pulmonary disease or pleural pathology that may interfere with drainage assessment. * Patients with active infections or systemic inflammatory conditions.