Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Aim 1 (CVI Risk Group): Infants 8 months of age and who meet any of the following: * The presence of any of the following comorbid diagnoses (CVI risk criteria): brain injury, hypoxia/ischemia, congenital structural abnormalities of the brain, genetic syndromes, epilepsy, infantile spasms/seizures, central nervous system infection, intrauterine drug/alcohol exposure, brain volume loss, or periventricular leukomalacia. * Presence of any of the following abnormal neuro-imaging findings (CVI risk criteria): Vascular insults, underlying genetic/structural/migrational abnormality, brain atrophy, prematurity sequelae, hydrocephalus, presumed metabolic findings, presumed infection findings. Aim 1: (control group): Infants less than 8 months of age negative for CVI risk criteria (see above). Exclusion Criteria: Aim 1: (both groups): Known visually impairing conditions of the eyes and optic nerves (e.g., inherited retinal diseases, bilateral moderate-to-severe optic nerve hypoplasia), cataracts, retinopathy of prematurity with significant visual sequelae (e.g. macular ectopia or retinal detachment) will be excluded from the study to ensure CVI is the primary cause of a positive PreViAs screen. Aim 2: Inclusion criteria: * Children 12-\< 60 months of age * Confirmed diagnosis of CVI Children must meet at least 1 of these 2 criteria to confirm the diagnosis of CVI during a CVI clinic visit: I: (1) the presence of visual function impairment (e.g., visual acuity) not attributed to anterior visual pathway abnormalities (except mild optic atrophy) or 2) evidence of visual perception/functional vision deficit. Aim 2: Exclusion Criteria: * Children with autism spectrum disorder * Children with ocular conditions including inherited retinal diseases, congenital cataracts, anterior segment dysgenesis, optic nerve hypoplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity with profound visual impairment due to anatomical abnormalities * A chart review will take place to review for exclusion criteria. Children who are identified with one of these potential exclusion criteria will be formally evaluated/screened through a neuro-ophthalmology exam to confirm the presence or absence of the exclusionary diagnoses in the chart. This will occur prior to consenting and/or scheduling any other testing.