Clinical Research Directory

Participants in the DNS group will perform Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization exercises based on developmental kinesiology principles. The program consists of three standardized DNS patterns: Supine 90°/90° Position (4.5-month developmental stage): The participant lies supine with hips and knees flexed to 90°, emphasizing diaphragmatic breathing, rib cage expansion, and neutral spine alignment. Prone on Elbows (4.5-month stage): The participant supports the upper body on elbows while maintaining cervical neutrality and coordinated diaphragmatic breathing. Quadruped Position (9-month developmental stage): The participant maintains a four-point kneeling position with proper spinal stabilization and controlled breathing. All exercises focus on coordinated activation of deep cervical flexors, diaphragm, transversus abdominis, multifidus, and pelvic floor muscles. Participants will perform 2 supervised sessions per week and twice-daily home exercises (10 repetitions × 3 sets) for 6 weeks.

Participants in the thoracic expansion group will perform a structured breathing exercise program focused on increasing upper, middle, and lower thoracic mobility. The program includes: Upper Lobe Expansion Exercise: Participant places hands over upper thoracic region and performs deep inhalation to expand upper lung fields, followed by slow exhalation. Middle Lobe Expansion Exercise: Hands placed laterally at mid-thoracic level to facilitate expansion of the middle lobes during inhalation. Lower Lobe Expansion Exercise: Hands positioned over the lower rib cage to promote diaphragmatic and lower thoracic expansion. Each exercise is performed for 3 sets of 10 repetitions, twice daily, for 6 weeks. Two supervised sessions per week will ensure correct technique and progression. The exercises aim to improve thoracic mobility, respiratory mechanics, and chest wall expansion.