Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria:. An age ranges from 14-22 years. 2. Crowding or protrusion that require 1st premolars extraction, followed by symmetrical canine retractions. 3\. All permanent teeth present, 3rd molars aren't considered. 4. Good oral hygiene. 5. No systemic disease and/or medication that could interfere with orthodontic tooth movement. 6. No previous orthodontic treatment. 7. No evidence of craniofacial anomalies, such as cleft lip and palate or previous history of trauma, bruxism, or parafunction. 8. No tooth size, shape, or root abnormalities visible on patient's radiographic records. \- Exclusion Criteria:Patients diagnosed to have an indication for non-extraction approach. 2\. Poor oral hygiene or periodontally compromised patient. * 3\. Previous orthodontic treatment. 4. Any implanted assistive (e.g., pacemakers, cochlear implants, etc.). 5. Any skeletal dysplasia or craniofacial malformation. 6. Patients with root resorption, impacted canine or dental anomalies. 7. Any systemic diseases or medications that could interfere with orthodontic tooth movement.