Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Pregnant women with clinical or ultrasound suspicion of PAS, including: 1. Placenta previa or low-lying placenta 2. History of previous cesarean section(s) or uterine surgery (e.g., myomectomy, D\&C) 2. Gestational age ≥ 28 weeks at the time of ultrasound evaluation 3. Undergoing planned cesarean delivery in the study hospital 4. Availability of preoperative ultrasound imaging performed using a standardized protocol. 5\. Patient can provide informed Written consent and Agree to participate in the study \- Exclusion Criteria: Patients with incomplete or poor-quality ultrasound data 2. Unavailability of intraoperative confirmation of placental invasion 3. Patients with placental abruption or other causes of acute bleeding requiring emergency delivery without imaging 4. Loss to follow-up prior to delivery 5. Declined consent or withdrew participation from the study \-