Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 40 years or older and 60 years or younger * Diagnosed with major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder by an independent psychiatrist (not a member of the research team) * Prescribed escitalopram treatment by an independent psychiatrist (not a member of the research team) * Receiving escitalopram treatment for at least one month and on a stable dose for at least one week * Willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent * Additional inclusion criterion for the menopausal group: Amenorrhea for at least one year (consistent with menopause diagnosis) * Additional inclusion criteria for the premenopausal group: Having regular menstrual cycles and being in the luteal phase (within 14 days after ovulation) of the menstrual cycle Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of intellectual disability, dementia, psychotic disorders, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder * Alcohol or substance use disorder * Diagnosis of hepatic failure, renal failure, or cardiac failure * Severe malnutrition * Presence of an active systemic infectious or inflammatory disease * Current use of hormone replacement therapy for menopause * Use of oral contraceptives * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * Use of medications known to affect escitalopram plasma concentration * Use of medications that affect the CYP2C19 enzyme * Detection of alleles other than the predominant CYP2C19\*1 genotype in genetic analyses