Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with a pathological diagnosis of bladder cancer. 2. Patients scheduled for radical cystectomy, with at least one measurable tumor lesion ≥10 mm in diameter. 3. Age between 18 and 75 years. 4. Treatment-naïve patients who have not received any prior therapy for bladder cancer. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of severe comorbidities, including but not limited to cardiac disease, severe hepatic or renal insufficiency, uncontrolled hypertension, or diabetes. 2. Active urinary tract infection or a functional bladder capacity of less than 200 mL. 3. History of other malignancies. 4. Pregnancy or lactation. 5. Poor compliance, assessed as unlikely to complete the trial per protocol requirements. 6. Any other condition deemed by the investigator to make the patient unsuitable for study participation.