Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Children aged 6 to 9 years. * Both boys and girls can participate. * A pulp-treated primary molar (pulpotomy) that is healthy and shows no pain, no swelling, no mobility, and no radiographic problems (such as internal resorption or infection). * The lower first permanent molar must be erupted. * The child is cooperative during dental treatment (positive behavior on the Frankl scale). * The child has no missing teeth. * The child has a normal bite (normal overjet and overbite). * The child is generally healthy with no systemic diseases, to ensure they can attend follow-ups. Exclusion Criteria: * Children with medical conditions or who are uncooperative during dental care. * Children with parafunctional habits, such as teeth grinding (bruxism), thumb-sucking, or other habits that may affect bite-force measurements. * Teeth that are close to falling out, have severe root resorption, or need extraction. * Teeth with deep cavities below the gum line that prevent proper crown placement. * Teeth that are mobile (Miller's Grade 2 or higher). * Teeth that have had previous pulp therapy other than the included pulpotomy. * Children who are unable to attend follow-up visits or whose parents do not agree to participate.