Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \>18 years; * Both sexes; * For group 1: patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit after undergoing bilateral lung transplantation, during respiratory weaning; * For group 2: patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for support or monitoring after non-thoracic surgery, who will arrive intubated. Exclusion Criteria: For group 1, patients meeting at least one of the following criteria will be excluded: * Re-transplantation or single-lung transplantation; * Urgent lung transplantation; * Post-transplant respiratory system compliance \< 30 mL/cmH₂O; * Hemodynamic instability (defined as the presence of one or more of the following: plasma lactate \> 4 mmol/L, need for vasoactive support with norepinephrine and/or epinephrine at a dose \> 0.05 mcg/kg/min, systolic arterial pressure \< 80 mmHg); * Increased risk of bleeding related to the placement of a nasogastric tube due to coagulopathy or severe thrombocytopenia (INR \> 2 and platelets \< 70,000); * Pregnancy For group 2, patients presenting with one or more of the following criteria will be excluded: * Postoperative respiratory system compliance \< 30 mL/cmH₂O; * Hemodynamic instability (defined as the presence of one or more of the following: plasma lactate \> 4 mmol/L, need for vasoactive support with norepinephrine and/or epinephrine at a dose \> 0.05 mcg/kg/min, systolic arterial pressure \< 80 mmHg); * Contraindications to nasogastric tube placement (gastroesophageal surgery within the last 3 months, gastroesophageal bleeding in the previous 30 days, esophageal varices, facial trauma); * Increased risk of bleeding related to the placement of a nasogastric tube due to coagulopathy or severe thrombocytopenia (INR \> 2 and platelets \< 70,000); * History of lung transplantation or major thoracic surgery; * Pregnancy.