Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. patients aged between 18 and 80 years who were planned to undergo an attempt at total enteroscopy for suspected small-bowel disease 2. CT scan of the abdomen was performed within two weeks before enteroscopy Exclusion Criteria: 1. cases terminated upon the target lesion (strictures, masses, hemorrhagic or other lesions) and not the maximal insertion 2. poor quality of bowel preparation 3. high risk esophageal varices 4. the insertion route is not oral or anal because of changes in anatomical structure 5. unsuitable for general anesthesia 6. pregnant women 7. unable to provide informed consent