Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients of both genders with an age range of 18-30 years old. * minimum 3-month history of patellofemoral pain. * a pain score for worst pain intensity during the previous week of 3 or more on a Visual Analog Scale (0-10, most pain). * reproduced by at least two of the following activities: Stair ascent or descent, hopping, running, prolonged sitting, squatting, or kneeling and present on at least one of the following clinical tests: Compression of the patella or palpation of the patellar facets. Exclusion Criteria: * Clinical, x-ray, or MRI findings indicative of other specific pathology, including osteoarthritis, meniscal, ligament, or cartilage injury, or apophysitis. * recurrent patellar subluxation or dislocation. * cortisone use over an extended period of time. * previous surgery to the knee joint; trauma to the knee joint affecting the presenting clinical condition. * physiotherapy or other similar exercises for patellofemoral pain syndrome within the previous 3 months.