Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * written informed consent * 18-40 years of age * good health * systolic blood pressure of at least 115 mmHg * all screening laboratory results (P-Krea, Pt-GFReEPI, P-Na, P-K, P-ALAT, P-AFOS, P-GT, B-PVK+T) acceptable; minor deviations from reference ranges are acceptable at the discretion of a physician-scientist with the exceptions of Pt-GFReEPI which must be at or above the reference limit and P-K which must be at or below the higher reference limit (Reference limits: Tyks Laboratories, Turku University Hospital) * regarding female subjects, a negative pregnancy test (S-HCG-O) before the study, and the use of a highly effective contraceptive method (e.g. copper intrauterine device, bilateral tubal occlusion, vasectomised partner, or abstinence from heterosexual intercourse), according to CTFG Recommendations related to contraception and pregnancy testing in clinical trials, are required Exclusion Criteria: * inability to provide written informed consent in Finnish * remarkable illness * confirmed or reasonably suspected allergy to cephalexin, amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, cefaclor, or cefamandole * confirmed or reasonably suspected severe delayed allergic reaction to any beta-lactam antibiotic * underweight (BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2) * obesity (BMI greater than 30 kg/m2) * smoking * regular medication, including hormonal contraception in the form of pills, intrauterine device, subdermal implant etc. * current or planned pregnancy, and breastfeeding * less than three months elapsed since a prior clinical trial * less than three months elapsed since donating blood