Clinical Research Directory

The probe will be placed with its proximal end towards the mid-clavicular point and distal end with a marker towards the apex of the axilla. A medial tilt of the probe will demonstrate the posterior and medial cords, while a slight lateral tilt of the probe will demonstrate the lateral cord. The needle entry point at the distal end of the probe will be marked. By using the in-plane technique, the needle will be advanced from a caudal to cephalad direction. The probe will be tilted medially, and the needle will be advanced to position its tip above the posterior or medial cord. The probe will be tilted laterally. The needle tip will be repositioned above the lateral cord, and the LA will be injected

. The key anatomical structures will be identified under ultrasound: the pectoralis major muscle, subclavius muscle, and three brachial plexus cords (lateral, medial, and posterior) clustered tightly lateral to the axillary artery, along with the axillary artery and vein. The needle will be inserted by the in-plane technique from lateral to medial. The needle tip will be advanced through subcutaneous tissue and subclavius, aiming to land in the costoclavicular fascial plane between the cords, ideally between the lateral and posterior cords and superficial to the medial cord, without traversing neural structure by multipoint strategy, and local anesthesia will be injected.