Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. 18 years old ≤ age ≤ 75 years old, gender is not limited. 2. 18 kg/m2 ≤ Body Mass Index (BMI) ≤ 30kg/m2. 3. Scheduled to undergo abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia. 4. Able to understand the research process and the use of pain scales, and communicate effectively with researchers. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Prior history of surgery at the same site, and this may affect pain perception at the surgical site per investigator's judgments. 2. Allergy to any component of the investigational product, to perioperative anesthetic/analgesic/antiemetic agents, or to ≥3 substance allergies. 3. Unstable angina, myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmias (e.g., third-degree atrioventricular block), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or higher cardiac function, recurrent asthma, etc., within screen period, and deemed ineligible per investigator's judgments. 4. High bleeding risk conditions: Congenital bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia), platelet function abnormalities (e.g., idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, congenital platelet function abnormalities), active bleeding, etc., and deemed ineligible per investigator's judgments. 5. For female participants: Pregnant or lactating (within 1 year postpartum). 6. Participants with childbearing potential planning conception/sperm/egg donation within 6 months post-treatment, or unwilling to use effective contraception (abstinence, barrier methods, oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, or sterilization). 7. Judgment by the investigator that the participant should not enter the study due to other conditions.