Clinical Research Directory

Participants receive routine post-bariatric nutritional care with no prescribed meal-timing window. Dietitians provide standard guidance on protein adequacy (\~60-80 g/day unless otherwise indicated), hydration, and routine micronutrient supplementation per clinic practice. Follow-ups occur at 3, 6, and 12 months; outcomes include body weight, metabolic markers, appetite-related hormones, questionnaires, wearables, and stool samples. This arm controls for the effects of usual care and non-timing dietary counseling.

Participants consume all caloric intake within a fixed daytime 10-hour window (08:00-18:00) on ≥6 days/week. Water/unsweetened tea/black coffee are allowed outside the window. Diet composition follows bariatric guidelines (protein \~60-80 g/day, hydration, routine micronutrients). Dietitians provide structured meal-timing plans and problem-solving support; timing logs and wearables document adherence. Assessments at 3, 6, and 12 months mirror the control arm.

Meal timing is personalized to chronotype (morning/intermediate/evening) determined with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Plans target an earlier first meal and completion of the last meal ≥3-4 h before habitual bedtime, with an eating window of \~10 h/day on ≥6 days/week, adjusted to chronotype using stepwise phase-advance strategies where needed. Diet composition follows bariatric guidelines (protein, hydration, micronutrients). Timing logs and wearables track adherence; visits at 3, 6, and 12 months.