Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age from 18-65 years. * Both sexes. * All adult patients presenting for elective cardiac surgical procedures performed on cardiopulmonary bypass (Coronary artery bypass surgery, Cardiac valve repair and/or replacement, Repair of large septal defects, Repair and/or palliation of congenital heart defects, Transplantation, surgery of thoracic aneurysms.). * Body mass index (BMI) ranged between 20 and 40 kg/m2. Exclusion Criteria: * Sensitivity or contraindication to Aminophylline or furosemide * Stage-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) \[Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 mL/min\]. * The presence of both factors (GFR less than 60 mL/min and albumin greater than 30 mg per gram of creatinine) along with abnormalities of kidney structure or function for greater than three months signifies chronic kidney disease. * Recipients of dialysis before surgery. * Recipients of solid-organ transplantation before surgery. * Emergency cardiac surgical procedures (e.g. left main coronary artery bypass graft, stuck valves, etc). * Patient refusal.