Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ranges from 20 and 30 years old. * Body mass index (BMI) doesn't exceed 30 kg/m2. * Patients who are referred from a gynecologist with a diagnosis of nonspecific low back pain. * Patients who have pain for more than three months. * Patients who have parity ranging from one to three (to control the extreme physiological changes from multiple childbirths, ensuring a more uniform sample). * Patients who have score more than 4 on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Exclusion Criteria: * Mechanical low back pain (LBP). * Women who had performed any spinal surgery e.g. unilateral hemilaminectomy or microdiscectomy. * Women with history of vertebral fracture or trauma. * Women with systemic disorder e.g. diabetes mellitus. * Women who are pregnant. * Women who had received physiotherapy treatment for their LBP one month before the start of this study.