Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants were eligible if they were undergraduate university students enrolled in the 2023/2024 academic year, male or female, aged between 18 and 22 years, and had no previously diagnosed systemic conditions associated with hypermobility (e.g., Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or generalized hypermobility syndrome). Exclusion Criteria: * Participants were excluded if they had a previously diagnosed systemic condition associated with hypermobility, reported musculoskeletal injuries or conditions affecting joint mobility or grip strength at the time of assessment, were unable or unwilling to provide informed consent, had any neurological or chronic disorders that could influence muscle strength or joint range of motion or were outside the specified age range (18-22 years).