Inclusion Criteria:
* Age 19 years or older, voluntarily provides written informed consent.
* Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) according to the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria.
* Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) at screening (titer ≥1:80).
* Diagnosis of lupus nephritis Class III or IV (with or without concurrent Class V), confirmed by kidney biopsy within 1 year prior to screening based on ISN/RPS 2018 criteria.
* Inadequate response to, or intolerance of, at least two or more standard therapies for 6 months or longer (cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, tacrolimus, rituximab, belimumab).
* Proteinuria at screening with urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) \>1.5.
* Adequate laboratory values at screening: Hemoglobin \>8.0 g/dL; ANC \>1,000/μL; Platelets ≥50,000/μL; Total bilirubin ≤2.0 × ULN; AST and ALT ≤3 × ULN; eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m².
* Hemodynamically stable, no pericardial effusion, and LVEF ≥50% by echocardiogram at screening.
* FEV1/FVC ≥70% at screening.
* Willing and able to comply with study visits, procedures, and requirements.
* Women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use effective contraception for at least 1 year after CRC01 infusion until PCR testing confirms clearance of CRC01.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Current or anticipated requirement for renal dialysis during the study.
* History of kidney transplantation or planned transplantation during the study.
* History of severe CNS lupus or currently active severe CNS lupus.
* Prior CAR-T cell therapy.
* History of malignancy except for: basal or squamous cell carcinoma of skin treated and disease-free ≥3 years; in-situ carcinoma of cervix or breast treated and disease-free ≥3 years; superficial bladder cancer treated and disease-free ≥3 years; completely resected primary malignancy in complete remission ≥5 years.
* Unstable angina and/or myocardial infarction within 1 year prior to screening.
* Congestive heart failure of NYHA Class III or IV within 1 year prior to screening.
* Thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, or clinically significant bleeding diathesis within 6 months prior to screening.
* Hypoxemia, clinically significant pleural effusion, or abnormal ECG findings within 6 months prior to screening.
* Stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) within 6 months prior to screening.
* Positive HBsAg; positive anti-HCV (eligible if HCV RNA negative); known HIV infection; or active neurological autoimmune/inflammatory diseases (e.g., Guillain-Barré syndrome, ALS).
* Recurrent or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia, or atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response despite therapy within 3 months prior to screening.
* Severe or uncontrolled active infection requiring systemic therapy at screening.
* Rapidly progressive disease or otherwise unsuitable for study participation, per investigator judgment.
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
* Known hypersensitivity to investigational product components.
* Participation in another investigational study within 4 weeks prior to screening.
* Receipt of systemic corticosteroids at therapeutic doses within 7 days prior to leukapheresis (≤7.5 mg/day prednisone equivalent is permitted).
* Receipt of immunosuppressive agents within 7 days prior to leukapheresis.
* Receipt of antibody-based therapies (e.g., belimumab, rituximab, anifrolumab) within 4 weeks prior to leukapheresis.
Inclusion Criteria for CRC01 Infusion:
* No clinically significant worsening of organ function after screening.
* If any of the following adverse events related to lymphodepleting chemotherapy exceed Grade 1 or worsen compared with screening, CRC01 infusion must be delayed:
* Requirement for supplemental oxygen
* New arrhythmia symptoms or clinically significant changes in cardiac function compared with screening
* Hypotension requiring treatment
* Active infection within 72 hours prior to the planned CRC01 infusion
* If bacterial, viral, or fungal infection is documented, improvement of symptoms must be documented before infusion.
* Women of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test prior to infusion.
* If CRC01 infusion is delayed for more than 2 weeks after lymphodepleting chemotherapy, administration may proceed only with approval from the sponsor's medical monitor.
* No receipt of therapeutic doses of systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents within 7 days prior to CRC01 infusion. (Prednisone ≤7.5 mg/day or equivalent is permitted.)
* No receipt of antibody-based therapies (e.g., belimumab, rituximab, anifrolumab) within 4 weeks prior to CRC01 infusion.
