Clinical Research Directory

Men referred to the Department of Urology at Herlev and Gentofte Hospital for the treatment of hydrocele or spermatocele were provided with detailed information about the study and invited to participate. Written study information was distributed, and a mandatory reflection period of at least 24 hours was observed prior to obtaining consent. Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 40 years * Scheduled for an elective hydrocele or spermatocele surgery * Willing to have a testis biopsy taken during the planned surgery * At least one biological child, unassisted spontaneous conception * No current or future fertility wishes * Written informed consent for the participation in this study Exclusion Criteria: * Treatment with testosterone substitution * Bleeding disorders that render surgery too high a risk * Other contraindications to surgery * Unable to give informed consent * Language difficulties that could compromise the informed consent or quality of examination