Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * ages 18-50 years * had cesarean delivery at Baylor Scott \& White Medical Center from January 1, 2026 through December 31, 2026 * Fluent in the English language (our catastrophizing survey is validated in English language only) * Can provide their own consent * Identifies as Black or African American only, Hispanic, or White or Caucasian only * had administration of local anesthetic through indwelling labor epidural or removal of indwelling labor epidural followed by single injection spinal or combined spinal epidural Exclusion Criteria: * less than 18 years old, older than 50 years old * had cesarean delivery at Baylor Scott \& White Medical Center before January 1, 2026 or after December 31, 2026 * Employee of Baylor Scott \& White Health labor and delivery unit * Student of a school that performs clinical rotations at Baylor Scott \& White Medical Center-Temple * Incarcerated at the time of study enrollment * Underwent scheduled cesarean hysterectomy * Underwent cesarean delivery with general anesthesia as either the primary anesthetic technique or had conversion to general anesthesia because of failure of neuraxial anesthesia * Admitted to the intensive care unit immediately following cesarean delivery * Did not have intrathecal morphine or intrathecal fentanyl if receiving spinal anesthesia * Had anesthesia for an attempted external cephalic version within 24 hours of cesarean delivery