Inclusion Criteria:
Patients who meet all of the following criteria are eligible for inclusion in this study:
* Male or female, age ≥18 years.
* ECOG performance status ≤2, with an estimated life expectancy of \>3 months.
* Histologically confirmed unresectable or metastatic breast cancer that is:HER2 IHC 1+ triple-negative breast cancer, or HR-positive/HER2-ultralow or HER2 IHC 1+ breast cancer.
* Planned to receive monotherapy with Sacituzumab Govitecan and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan.
* For triple-negative breast cancer: prior systemic therapy lines ≥1.
* For HR-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: prior endocrine therapy is required. Prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy is allowed; 0-2 lines of chemotherapy in the advanced/metastatic setting are permitted.
* Prior treatment-related adverse events have recovered to ≤Grade 1 per NCI CTCAE v5.0 (except for alopecia, non-clinically significant or asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities).
* Presence of at least one measurable or evaluable lesion.
* Willingness to provide archival or fresh tumor tissue samples for multi-omics analysis, including:
* Baseline prior to ADC1 treatment,
* After 2 cycles of ADC1 therapy,
* At progression on ADC1 therapy or baseline prior to ADC2 therapy,
* At progression on ADC2 therapy.
* FFPE tissue blocks are preferred over unstained slides. Patients must consent to tumor biopsy; if tissue is unavailable, biopsy is not feasible, or the patient declines biopsy, eligibility may be discussed and approved by the investigator.
* No severe cardiac dysfunction, with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% within 28 days before treatment.
* Adequate organ function within 7 days prior to treatment initiation:
* Bone marrow: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5 × 10⁹/L; platelet count ≥100 × 10⁹/L; hemoglobin ≥90 g/L (no transfusion or blood component use within 14 days before first dose; no growth factor support within 7 days before first dose).
* Liver: total bilirubin ≤1.5 × ULN (or \<3 × ULN if Gilbert's syndrome or documented liver metastases present); ALT and AST ≤2.5 × ULN (≤5 × ULN if liver metastases present).
* Renal: serum creatinine ≤1.5 × ULN OR creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula).
* Coagulation: INR ≤1.5 × ULN and aPTT ≤1.5 × ULN (unless therapeutically anticoagulated).
* Voluntarily signed informed consent form and willingness to comply with the study protocol.
* Willingness to provide complete clinical medical record data.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study:
* Contraindication or known hypersensitivity to sacituzumab govitecan, trastuzumab deruxtecan, or any of their components (including topoisomerase I inhibitors).
* Prior treatment with sacituzumab govitecan, trastuzumab deruxtecan, or any other drug targeting the same molecular pathway.
* History of another primary malignancy, except for:
* Malignancy treated with curative intent with no evidence of active disease for ≥2 years prior to study intervention and with low risk of recurrence, or
* Adequately treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, stage I endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus, or non-melanoma skin cancer (e.g., basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma).
* Active infection or uncontrolled systemic disease, including but not limited to:
* Active HIV, HBV, or HCV infection,
* Active autoimmune disease,
* Symptomatic pleural effusion, ascites, or pericardial effusion requiring drainage,
* Severe or uncontrolled cardiac disease requiring treatment,
* Poorly controlled diabetes or hypertension despite medical therapy.
* Participation in another investigational drug trial within 4 weeks prior to the first study treatment (observational studies are permitted) or major surgery within 4 weeks prior to the first study treatment.
* Prior anticancer therapy within specified timeframes:
* Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy within 4 weeks before the first study treatment,
* Anticancer endocrine therapy or traditional Chinese medicine with antitumor intent within 2 weeks before the first study treatment.
* History of or current interstitial lung disease, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe pulmonary insufficiency, symptomatic bronchospasm, or other clinically significant pulmonary disorders.
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women, or women of childbearing potential with a positive pregnancy test at baseline; patients (male or female) who are unwilling to use effective contraception throughout the study period.
* Known neurological or psychiatric disorders (e.g., epilepsy, dementia) or cognitive impairment that would compromise understanding of the study objectives, compliance, or ability to provide informed consent; or significant peripheral neuropathy.
* Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor or untreated/symptomatic CNS metastases. Patients with asymptomatic, stable CNS metastases not requiring steroids or specific CNS-directed therapy for at least 4 weeks prior to screening may be eligible.
* Any other condition deemed unsuitable for participation by the investigator.
