Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged between 6 and 28 years. * Systemically healthy patients with no history of systemic diseases. * Patients with necrotic immature permanent teeth due to trauma and/or caries. * Preoperative radiographic evidence of incomplete root formation. * Wide apical foramen (apical diameter ≥ 1 mm). * Thin dentinal walls on preoperative radiographs. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with known allergy to any of the drugs used in the study. * Patients with systemic diseases or medically compromised conditions. * Grossly decayed or fractured teeth requiring post and core restorations. * Presence of draining sinus tract. * Presence of periodontal pockets. * Radiographic evidence of external or internal root resorption. * Patients with a history of major surgeries (e.g., cardiac surgery, kidney transplantation). * Patients undergoing hemodialysis.