Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) for the first time. * Aged 18 years or older. * Able to read and understand written study materials. * Willing to participate and able to provide written informed consent. * Able to communicate effectively and cooperate during data collection. * Undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy under local anesthesia only, without general anesthesia or procedural sedation. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients requiring emergency bronchoscopy. * Patients requiring endotracheal intubation or invasive mechanical ventilation during the procedure. * Patients who withdraw consent or are unable to comply with the study protocol. * Patients with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder that may affect anxiety assessment. * Patients with dementia or other cognitive impairments affecting comprehension or cooperation. * Patients with severe cardiovascular disease, including advanced heart failure. * Individuals with hearing or visual impairments that interfere with the application of sensory isolation procedures. * Patients whose fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedure exceeds 10 minutes in duration.fiberoptic bronchoscopy lasts longer than 10 minutes.