Inclusion Criteria:
* 40-74 years old
* Clinically and/or pathologically diagnosed cancer
* No prior or undergoing any systemic or local antitumor therapy, including but not limited to surgical resection, radiochemotherapy, endocrinotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, interventional therapy, etc.
* Able to provide a written informed consent and willing to comply with all part of the protocol procedures
Exclusion Criteria:
* Pregnancy or lactating women
* Known prior or current diagnosis of other types of malignancies comorbidities
* Severe acute infection (e.g. severe or critical COVID-19, sepsis, etc.) or febrile illness (body temperature of ≥ 38.5 °C) within 14 days prior to screen
* Recipients of organ transplant or prior bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant
* Recipients of blood transfusion within 30 days prior to screen
* Recipients of therapy in past 14 days prior to screen, including oral or IV antibiotics, glucocorticoid, azacitidine, decitabine, procainamide, hydrazine, arsenic trioxide
* Unsuitable for this trial determined by the researchers
* Low-quality samples: images only partially showing the lungs or in lateral decubitus position, unreadable due to severe motion artifacts/metal artifacts, or with missing critical metadata
Inclusion Criteria for Control Arm Participants:
* 40-74 years old
* Without confirmed cancer diagnosis
* Able to provide a written informed consent and willing to comply with all part of the protocol procedures
Exclusion Criteria for Control Arm Participants:
* Pregnancy or lactating women
* Known prior or current diagnosis of other types of malignancies comorbidities
* Severe acute infection (e.g. severe or critical COVID-19, sepsis, etc.) or febrile illness (body temperature of ≥ 38.5 °C) within 14 days prior to screen
* Recipients of organ transplant or prior bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant
* Recipients of blood transfusion within 30 days prior to screen
* Recipients of therapy in the past 14 days prior to screen, including oral or IV antibiotics, glucocorticoid, azacitidine, decitabine, procainamide, hydrazine, arsenic trioxide
* Unsuitable for this trial determined by the researchers
* Low-quality samples: images only partially showing the lungs or in lateral decubitus position, unreadable due to severe motion artifacts/metal artifacts, or with missing critical metadata
