Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 80 years; * Patients confirmed by investigators eligible for surgeries in urology (e.g., partial nephrectomy (transperitoneal/retroperitoneal), radical prostatectomy, pyeloplasty, etc.), general surgery (e.g., distal/radical total gastrectomy for gastric cancer, radical resection for colorectal cancer, hepatectomy/splenectomy, etc.), gynecology (e.g., radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy, etc.) and thoracic surgery (e.g., segmental/lobectomy, radical esophagectomy, etc.). * Subjects voluntarily participate in the clinical trial, and subjects or their guardians give informed consent and sign the informed consent form. * Willing to cooperate with and complete trial follow-ups and relevant examinations. Exclusion Criteria: * Need for emergency surgery (e.g. gastric cancer, colorectal cancer combined with perforation, bleeding, obstruction, etc.); * With other malignancies or a previous history of other malignancies. * Preoperative imaging suggests that the tumour has distant metastases. * The patient has a history of relevant surgery or previous history of other malignancy and is judged by the investigator to be unsuitable for enrolment. * Severe bleeding tendencies or coagulopathic disorders. * With long-term use of anticoagulant and anti-platelet drugs (anti-platelet aggregation drugs discontinued less than 1 week prior to surgery), history of bleeding disorders or hematopoietic or coagulation disorders. * Significant immunodeficiency due to underlying illness (e.g. HIV/AIDS) and/or medication (e.g. systemic corticosteroids). * Other conditions which, in the opinion of the investigator, make participation in this trial inappropriate.