Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Controls: Adults above the age of 18. * Kidney stone patients: Adults above the age of 18. * History of majority (\>50%) calcium oxalate kidney stones Exclusion Criteria: * Anyone with a history of calcium phosphate stones (\>50% calcium phosphate), uric acid stones, struvite stones, recent urinary tract instrumentation (\<30 days), or recurrent urinary tract infections. * Any individual who has had ACV outside of normal consumption in the prior month will be excluded. * Any individual who has a history of a negative reaction (increased acid reflux, allergy) to ACV will also be excluded. * Any individual with chronic kidney disease, underlying acid base disorder will also be excluded.