Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * diagnostic criteria for primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) as defined by the "Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis (2019 Edition)." * Aged between 18 and 75 years. * No history of trauma or surgery involving the lower limbs. Scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed by the same surgical team at the participating hospital. * Willing to refrain from participating in any other clinical research studies for the duration of this trial. * Agrees to adhere to the complete study treatment regimen. * Able and willing to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Has a preoperative knee joint infection, rheumatoid arthritis, or other concurrent inflammatory or non-inflammatory joint disease. * Has a history of any prior knee surgery (including revision procedures). * Has diabetes mellitus with poorly controlled glucose levels (fasting blood glucose \>7.2 mmol/L or 2-hour postprandial blood glucose \>11.1 mmol/L). Has severe, unstable, or uncontrolled disease of the circulatory, respiratory, or hematopoietic systems. * Has obesity defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m². * Has a diagnosis of severe osteoporosis. * Is pregnant or currently breastfeeding. * Has an active psychiatric disorder or any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, would impair the ability to provide informed consent or comply with study procedures.