Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Male professional volleyball players aged 18 to 35 years * Actively licensed athletes competing in clubs affiliated with the Turkish Volleyball Federation * Regular participation in team training sessions without interruption for at least the past 3 months * No history of surgery or serious injury involving the lower extremities (foot, ankle, knee, or hip) within the last 6 months * Agreement not to participate in any additional strength, balance, or proprioception-based exercise programs during the study period * No medical or physiological condition that would prevent participation in the Countermovement Jump (CMJ) test performed using the ForceDecks system * Voluntary participation with written informed consent obtained prior to enrollment Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of deformity, chronic pain, or functional impairment in the foot or ankle * History of lower extremity orthopedic surgery within the past 6 months * History of neurological or vestibular disorders, or systemic diseases affecting balance * Participation in physiotherapy interventions, rehabilitation protocols, or exercise programs outside the scope of the study during the study period