Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Ability to read, understand, and communicate in Turkish * Age ≥ 18 years * Undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia * Spinal anesthesia administered in the sitting position * Initiation of oral intake at postoperative hour 6 * No history of physiological discomfort related to coffee consumption based on prior experience (e.g., insomnia, palpitations, headache) * Ability to understand the study procedures and communicate adequately to provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Patients undergoing emergency cesarean section * Patients with a history of migraine or other types of chronic headache disorders * Patients in whom spinal anesthesia was converted to general anesthesia. * Patients whose oral intake was postponed for any reason in the postoperative period. * Patients with high-risk pregnancies. * Use of caffeine-containing analgesic medications during the postoperative period. * Postoperative cigarette smoking.