Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. ≥ 60 years old, 2. had been transferred from the emergency department to the hospital due to a unilateral hip fracture, 3. repair of the hip fracture involved either hip arthroplasty or internal fixation, 4) their primary place of residence was northern Taiwan Exclusion Criteria: 1. severity of cognitive impairment (a CMMSE score of \< 10), 2. known to be terminally ill, 3. has no primary family caregiver, 4. residing in an institutional care facility