Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 to 80 years * Patients undergoing elective, isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump). Exclusion Criteria: * Emergency or Redo cardiac surgery * Concomitant cardiac procedures (e.g., valve repair/replacement or aortic surgery). * Planned or intraoperative conversion to off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting * Preoperative hematocrit \<30% or known inherited/acquired bleeding disorders. * Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction \<30%. * Thrombocytopenia (e.g., platelet count \<100×10³/µL) or abnormal coagulation tests. * Use of antiplatelet agents other than aspirin without appropriate discontinuation according to current guideline-recommended preoperative intervals. * Use of anticoagulant therapy without appropriate preoperative discontinuation according to current guideline recommendations. * Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without appropriate discontinuation prior to surgery. * Severe renal dysfunction (eGFR \<30 mL/min/1.73 m² or dialysis) and/or severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh B-C or coagulopathy). * Active infection or systemic inflammatory/autoimmune disease. * Active malignancy requiring ongoing treatment * Refusal or inability to provide written informed consent.