Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Term neonates ≥ 37 weeks of gestational age. * Preterm neonates \< 37 weeks' gestational age. * Hemodynamically stable infants at the time of examination. * Parental/guardian informed consent obtained. * Within the first 48 hours after birth. * Birth weight appreciate for gestational age. Exclusion Criteria: * Infants aged more than 48 hours after birth. * Neonates with major congenital anomalies (cardiac, neurological, or craniofacial). * Suspected or confirmed intracranial hemorrhage or brain malformations, such as intraventricular hemorrhage, may influence RI measurements and interfere with accurate assessment of cerebral blood flow. * Neonates requiring inotropic support at the time of scan. * Neonates with severe respiratory instability or mechanical ventilation (unless included intentionally). * Infants with sepsis or metabolic derangements affecting cerebral perfusion.