Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients who have been admitted to the Medical ICU or Cardiothoracic ICU at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP). 2. Patients who have been prescribed continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) or Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration (CVVH), the predominant modalities of continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) at HUP. 3. Patients who have central venous catheters placed in either the left or right internal jugular veins. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients who are prescribed other forms of CKRT, namely continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF), or prolonged intermittent kidney replacement therapy (PIKRT). 2. Patients who have femoral vein dialysis catheters placed. 3. Patients who cannot provide consent or have a legal proxy to provide consent.