Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patients able to give informed consent and willing/able to comply with study procedures and follow-up. * Molar teeth indicated for endodontic treatment. * Teeth with intact pulp-chamber walls (no extensive coronal destruction). * Necrotic pulp confirmed by pulp testing. * Clinical and radiographic evidence of asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Exclusion Criteria: * Immature teeth * Teeth with calcified or obliterated canals * Teeth with extensive coronal destruction * Teeth with previous endodontic treatment * Symptomatic apical periodontitis * Teeth with periodontal pockets greater than 4 mm * Patients who have received systemic antibiotics in the last 3 months * Patients with a history of diabetes or immune impairment * Pregnant patients