Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * All permanent teeth diagnosed with any of the following conditions including irreversible pulpitis (symptomatic and asymptomatic), pulp necrosis, previously initiated therapy with or without apical periodontitis o Patients with age 18-80 * Patients with Thai ethnicity * Patients who could read and communicate in Thai language * Patients with well-controlled medical conditions according to ASA I and II classification Exclusion Criteria: * The tooth with cracks, incomplete root formation, vertical or horizontal root fractures or root resorption * The tooth with periodontal pocket depth of 5 mm or more, degree of mobility of 2 or more * Patients with bone metabolism disease and/or using steroids or bisphosphonates, immunosuppressed, history of radiotherapy, pregnancy o Patients with serious medical conditions that required consultation with a physician before root canal treatment * Patients who refuse to participate or could not answer the questionnaires