Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Female patients aged 18 to 65 years * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II-III * Scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia * Willing and able to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Age outside the specified range (younger than 18 or older than 65 years) * Male patients * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status ≥ IV * Severe systemic comorbidities (e.g., significant cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, or pulmonary disease) * Conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy * History of alcohol, drug, or substance abuse * Visual or hearing impairment interfering with study assessments * Current hormone replacement therapy * Use of oral contraceptives * Preoperative nausea or vomiting * History of severe postoperative nausea and vomiting * Neurological or psychiatric disorders affecting assessment reliability * Hemodynamic instability during surgery * Postoperative admission to intensive care unit * Acute cholecystitis at the time of surgery * Refusal to participate or inability to provide informed consent