Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Subjects aged ≥65 years, with no gender restriction. Patients meet the indications for cardiac surgery (cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass). Normal liver and renal function during the screening period. No evidence of active infection during the screening period. Able to cooperate in answering questions related to the MMSE and MoCA cognitive scales during the screening period. Have signed the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * The investigator considers that the subject has conditions that may interfere with the study results. Subjects with evidence of active liver disease (liver function test results: ALT or AST ≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal \[ULN\]) or chronic active hepatitis B or C within 1 month. Active systemic infection requiring antibacterial drugs within 1 week before surgery. Preoperative low MMSE score (illiterate: \<17 points; primary school education: \<20 points; middle school education or above: \<24 points). Patients with one or more of the following diseases: Classified as obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m²); Uncontrolled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg); History of organ transplantation, including corneal transplantation; Any clinically significant uncontrolled respiratory disease, including but not limited to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, or pleural effusion; Previously diagnosed or suspected demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, etc.; Use of any glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive agents; Any disease that significantly affects the nervous system. Participation in other clinical trials.