Clinical Research Directory

1\. Experimental Arm: Dual Task-Oriented Circuit Training (DTOCT) Intervention Name: Behavioral: Dual Task-Oriented Circuit Training (DTOCT) Description: Participants will undergo an integrated 60-minute rehabilitation session, 3 times per week for 4 weeks (total 12 sessions). Each session includes 25-50 minutes of active circuit training across five specialized stations: Dual-Task Walking: Straight walking (3-8m) while performing forward/backward number sequencing. Obstacle Walking: Stepping over cone or hurdle obstacles (5-14cm) while naming object categories from long-term memory. Stair Navigation: Ascending/descending stairs (10-17cm step height) while identifying colors and shapes. Walking with Navigation: Navigating an oval path (3-8m) while performing an incongruent Stroop color-word task. ADL Stimulation: Walking while carrying a cup of liquid or a shopping bag to train executive function and working memory. Training intensity and cognitive difficulty are progressed weekly

2\. Active Comparator Arm: Task-Oriented Circuit Training (TOCT) Intervention Name: Behavioral: Task-Oriented Circuit Training (TOCT) Description: Participants will focus exclusively on functional motor relearning and cardiovascular endurance through 6 circuit-based stations: Standing and Reaching: Multidirectional reaching to targets while standing. Sit-to-Stand: Transitions using chairs of various heights to strengthen extensors. Anterior/Posterior Stepping: Stepping onto blocks of various heights. Lateral Stepping: Side-stepping for lateral stability. Forward Step-Up: Strengthening for stair climbing mechanics. Heel Raise: Improving gait push-off mechanics. Each station is performed for 2.5 to 5 minutes with 1-minute rest periods. Training is conducted 3 times per week for 4 weeks (total 12 sessions), with each session lasting 60 minutes including warm-up and cool-down. No explicit secondary cognitive tasks are added.

3\. Active Comparator Arm: Pure Dual-Task Training (DT) Intervention Name: Behavioral: Pure Dual-Task Training (DT) Description: Participants will perform standard, non-circuit walking at a self-selected comfortable speed while executing simultaneous cognitive demands. The protocol includes: Backward Counting: Continuous subtraction from a random 3-digit number. Stroop Task: Identifying font colors or semantic meanings of incongruent words. Memory Tasks: Sequential recall of shopping lists (3-5 items) and reverse word recall (2-4 words). Verbal Fluency: Generating word chains or category naming. Each session consists of two 15-minute sets of core dual-task training (30 minutes total activity) within a 60-minute therapist-supervised visit. Training is conducted 3 times per week for 4 weeks (total 12 sessions). Cognitive difficulty is adjusted weekly to maintain an optimal challenge.