Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients who are scheduled to undergo partial nephrectomy, with no specific surgical procedure limitation, including laparoscopic surgery, robot-assisted surgery, and open surgery * Aged 18 to 80 * Possess good organ function status: sufficient organ function (based on the normal values of the clinical trial center) 1. Blood routine test: WBC≥3.5×10\^9/L, absolute neutrophil count ≥1.5×10\^9/L, PLT≥75.0×10\^9/L, HGB≥80g/L; 2. Liver function: Total bilirubin ≤1.5×upper limit of normal (ULN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2.5×ULN; Exclusion Criteria: * The anesthesiologist assesses that the patient cannot tolerate general anesthesia surgery * Individuals with severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, uncontrolled hypertension, and diabetes * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 30 ml/min/1.73m² * Horseshoe kidney * Solitary kidney * Pregnant women