Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Infants aged 0 to 12 months. 2. Congenital heart disease requiring corrective, non-palliative cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. 3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I to III. 4. Written informed consent provided by parent(s) or legal guardian(s). Exclusion Criteria: 1. Multiple malformations, chromosomal abnormalities, or immunodeficiency. 2. Known or suspected allergy to lidocaine. 3. Concomitant continuous infusion of another local anesthetic. 4. Conditions associated with increased risk of lidocaine accumulation or toxicity, including severe conduction block or severe bradycardia. 5. ASA physical status IV or higher. 6. Severe malnutrition expected to substantially impair postoperative recovery. 7. Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction. 8. Significant pre-existing pulmonary disease or markedly impaired preoperative pulmonary function. 9. Central nervous system disorders that may increase susceptibility to lidocaine neurotoxicity, including epilepsy or prior central nervous system infection. 10. Use of medications that may interact with lidocaine or constitute an exclusion, including class I or class III antiarrhythmic agents, cimetidine, or antiviral drugs, as determined by the clinical team. 11. Current or recent participation in another interventional clinical trial in its active intervention phase.